The Enigma remains perhaps the most popular encryption device in history. However, because Colossus was classified, the University of Pennsylvania’s ENIAC was publicly given the crown of “first computer.” Colossus was used to crack the Lorenz cipher which was an even more complex than Enigma. The Bombe was an incredible feat of engineering and the predecessor of the first true electronic computer named Colossus. This gave the Allies the ability to quickly read German encrypted messages and help win the war. Thanks to the work of British mathematician Alan Turing, the Allies developed The Bombe, a top-secret electronic machine used to quickly try every possible combination of letters in order to crack the Enigma code. Each key press on the keyboard would turn a rotor one step and provide a new, different path for the electricity to flow inside the machine. The Enigma operator would then key in each “random” letter and write down the resulting letter that was lit up on the machine.
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They would copy seemingly random letters via Morse Code from the radio. Soldiers in the field and sailors at sea would set their Enigma machines’ rotors to the same as the person sending a message.
For example, a T might be pressed but the letter G would light up. The operator would press a key on the keyboard which would activate an electric circuit and light up a different letter. The most simple models had three wheels on top of the case that allowed the operator to set internal rotors into a certain position.
The Enigma was an electro-mechanical machine similar to a typewriter.
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